Neodymium atomic absorption standard solution

Neodymium atomic absorption standard solution - Names and Identifiers

Name	Neodymium atomic absorption standard solution
Synonyms	Neodymium Neodymium foil Neodymium ingot Neodymium chips Neodymium powder NeodymiumchipsNREO INDIUM 10,000PPM FOR ICP Neodymiumlumpvacuumremelted NeodymiumingotNREOpackedinmineraloil NeodymiumpowderNREOmicronsunderargon Neodymium rod, 12.7mm (0.5 in.) dia. NeodymiumfoilNREOmmthickcagxmmpackedi Neodymium foil, 0.1mm (0.004 in.) thick Neodymium atomic absorption standard solution
CAS	7440-00-8
EINECS	231-109-3
InChI	InChI=1/Nd

Neodymium atomic absorption standard solution - Physico-chemical Properties

Molecular Formula	Nd
Molar Mass	144.24
Density	7.003 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
Melting Point	1021 °C (lit.)
Boling Point	3074 °C (lit.)
Water Solubility	Soluble in dilute acids. Decomposes in water.
Appearance	ingot
Specific Gravity	7.003
Color	Silver
Exposure Limit	ACGIH: TWA 2 ppm; STEL 4 ppmOSHA: TWA 2 ppm(5 mg/m3)NIOSH: IDLH 25 ppm; TWA 2 ppm(5 mg/m3); STEL 4 ppm(10 mg/m3)
Merck	13,6478
Sensitive	Air & Moisture Sensitive
Use	For the manufacture of rare earth permanent magnetic materials

Neodymium atomic absorption standard solution - Risk and Safety

Risk Codes	R11 - Highly Flammable R36/37/38 - Irritating to eyes, respiratory system and skin. R14/15 - R36/38 - Irritating to eyes and skin. R14 - Reacts violently with water
Safety Description	S16 - Keep away from sources of ignition. S26 - In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice. S33 - Take precautionary measures against static discharges. S36/37/39 - Wear suitable protective clothing, gloves and eye/face protection. S43 - In case of fire use ... (there follows the type of fire-fighting equipment to be used.)
UN IDs	UN 3208 4.3/PG 1
WGK Germany	3
RTECS	QO8575000
FLUKA BRAND F CODES	10
TSCA	Yes
HS Code	28053011
Hazard Class	8
Packing Group	III

Neodymium atomic absorption standard solution - Upstream Downstream Industry

Raw Materials

Rare earth chlorides
Neodymium(III)-oxide

Neodymium atomic absorption standard solution - Reference Information

The main applications of neodymium include lasers, glass coloration and coloring, dielectrics, the most important thing is to serve as the basis for the ND-Fe-B (Nd2Fe14B) permanent magnet.
neodymium has a strong absorption band at 580 nm, which is very close to the maximum sensitivity level of the human eye, so it can be used in safety glasses for welding goggles. It is also used in CRT displays to enhance the contrast between red and green. Due to its attractive purple color to glass, it is highly valued in the manufacture of glass.
neodymium is included in many formulations of barium titanate and is essential for dielectric coatings and multilayer capacitors for electronic devices.
yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG) solid-state lasers utilize neodymium because it has optimal absorption and emission wavelengths. Neodymium-based YAG lasers are used in a variety of medical applications, drilling, welding, and Material Processing.
neodymium has an unusually large specific heat capacity at liquid helium temperatures and is therefore useful in cryogenic coolers. Perhaps due to similarity to Ca2, Nd3 has been reported to promote plant growth. Rare earth compounds are often used as fertilizers in China.
it is still a popular additive in glass. Neodymium is also used to make some of the most robust permanent magnets. These magnets are widely used in motors, generators, and some other electronic devices, such as microphones, speakers, and computer hard disks. Neodymium is also used in conjunction with other substrate crystals for the fabrication of high-power infrared lasers.
neodymium metal is mainly used for the manufacture of permanent magnet magnets with very high power-NdFeB magnets, and also used for the manufacture of special superalloys and sputtering targets. Neodymium is also used in electric motors of hybrid and electric vehicles, and in generators of certain commercial wind turbines.

resistivity	64.0 ***-CM, 20°C
EPA chemical substance information	information provided by: ofmpeb.epa.gov (external link)
Introduction	neodymium is a soft silver metal element of the lanthanide series 60; ram 144.24; rd 7.004(20 °). It is present in forsterite and monazite and is recovered from it by an ion exchange process. There are seven natural isotopes, all of which are stable except for neodymium 144, which is weakly radioactive (half-life of 10 10 -10 15 years). The metal is used to color the glass purple-Violet, making it dichroic. It is also used in mixed metals (18% neodymium) and Nd-Fe-B alloys for magnets. It was discovered by Karl von Wilsbach (1856-1929) in 1885. There are seven kinds of neodymium isotopes in nature: neodymium 142, 143, 144, 145, 146, 148, 150, among which neodymium 142 is the highest.
physical properties	neodymium is the third highest rare earth element in the Earth's crust (24 ppm). It reacts with moist air and loses its gloss in dry air, forming a coating of Nd3O3, an oxide with a light blue color that will peel off, leaving the bare metal, the oxidation was then continued. There are 47 isotopes of neodymium, seven of which are considered stable isotopes, which together make up the total abundance of the Earth's crust. Two of them are radioactive, but have a long half-life because they are still present on Earth and are therefore considered stable.
Source	Although neodymium is the 28th most abundant element on Earth, its content ranks third among all rare earth elements. It is found in monazite, forsterite and allantoite ores. Its main ore is monazite sand, which is a mixture of Ce,La,Th,Nd,Y and small amounts of other rare earths. Some monazite sands have a weight content of more than 50%.
Discovery History	in 1839, a mixture of lanthanum and neodymium was discovered by C.G.Mosander from Sweden. since then, chemists in various countries have paid special attention to the separation of new elements from the discovered rare earth elements. Praseodymium and neodymium were discovered in 1885 by A.V.Welsbach, from A mixture of praseodymium and neodymium, considered to be "new elements. One of them was named neodidyium, which was later reduced to neodyium, the element symbol Nd, which is the neodymium element. neodymium, praseodymium, gadolinium, and samarium were all isolated from didyium, a rare earth element considered at the time. Due to their findings, didyium is no longer retained. And it is their discovery opens the third door to the discovery of rare earth elements, is the third stage of the discovery of rare earth elements. But this is only half of the work of the third phase. The exact would be the opening of the cerium gate or the completion of the separation of cerium, and the other half would be the opening of the yttrium gate or the completion of the separation of yttrium. Natural neodymium is a mixture of seven isotopes, one of which has a long half-life. Twenty-seven other radioisotopes and isomers were also found.
Applications
preparation	neodymium is mainly extracted from the two most abundant rare earth minerals, monazite and basite. Monazite is a rare earth-thorium phosphate, usually containing 9 - 20% of neodymium. Bastnasite is a rare earth fluorocarbon ore containing 2 - 15% of neodymium. Both kinds of ore are first heated and cracked with concentrated sulfuric acid or sodium hydroxide. The process for recovering monazite ore using sulfuric acid is as follows: The ore is heated with sulfuric acid to convert neodymium to water-soluble sulfate. The product mixture is subjected to excess water treatment to separate neodymium as a soluble sulfate from water-insoluble sulfates and other residues of other metals. If Monazite is used as the starting material, the solution is treated with sodium pyrophosphate to separate thorium from neodymium and other soluble rare earth sulfates. This precipitated thorium pyrophosphate. Alternatively, the solution can be partially neutralized with caustic soda at a pH of 3 to 4 to selectively precipitate thorium as thorium hydroxide. The solution was then treated with ammonium oxalate to precipitate the insoluble rare earth metal oxalate. The resulting rare earth oxalate is calcined in air to decompose into oxides. In this rare earth oxide mixture, the composition of the individual oxides may vary depending on the source of the ore and may contain up to 18% neodymium oxide. In addition, the above oxalate is digested with sodium hydroxide to convert the rare earth metal into a hydroxide. Cerium forms a tetravalent hydroxide, Cerium hydroxide Ce(OH)4, which is insoluble in dilute nitric acid. When dilute nitric acid is added to this rare earth hydroxide, the cerium (IV) hydroxide forms an insoluble alkaline nitrate, which is filtered from the solution. Cerium can also be removed by several other methods. One such method is the calcination of the rare earth hydroxide at 500°C in air. Cerium is converted to cerium oxide, CeO2, while other lanthanides are oxidized to trivalent oxides. These oxides are dissolved in moderate concentrations of nitric acid. The cerium nitrate thus formed and all remaining thorium nitrate is now removed from the nitrate solution by reflux contact with tributyl phosphate, and after removal of cerium (and thorium), the nitric acid solution of the rare earth is treated with ammonium nitrate. Lanthanum forms the most water-insoluble double salt with ammonium nitrate, which can be removed from the solution by repeated crystallization. Neodymium was obtained from a solution of magnesium dinitrate by continuous fractionation.
Health effects	Many compounds (salts) of neodymium are irritating to the skin and toxic if inhaled or ingested. Some are explosive (eg, neodymium nitrate [Nd(NO3)3]).
Application	for the manufacture of rare earth permanent magnetic materials
category	flammable liquid
toxicity grade	high toxicity
Acute toxicity	brain-human 0.017 mg/kg
flammability hazard characteristics	oxidation in air; Flammable hydrogen in water; solvent combustion producing irritating smoke
storage and transportation characteristics	The warehouse is ventilated and dried at low temperature; It is stored separately from the oxidant
extinguishing agent	dry powder, dry sand, carbon dioxide, foam, 1211 extinguishing agent